Reference
[1] AP news, Insider Q&A: FDA official on vaping’s “promise or peril”. 2022. Available at: https://apnews.com/article/science-health-public-tobaccoindustryregulation-6af0d635d7859bab914cc249ef43b6e2 (Accessed: 17 July 2024)
[2] Doll, R., et al., Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors. Br Med J, 2004. 328(7455):1519. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE
[3] Nutt, D.J., et al., Estimating the harms of nicotine-containing products using the MCDA approach. Eur Addict Res, 2014. 20(5): p. 218-225. DOI: 10.1159/000360220
[4] U.S. Food & Drug Administration, CTP Director Discusses Opportunities and Considerations for Addressing Misperceptions About the Relative Risks of Tobacco Products Among Adults Who Smoke. 2023. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/ctp-newsroom/ctp-directordiscusses-opportunities-and-considerations-addressing-misperceptions-about-relative (Accessed: 8 August 2024)
[5] Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP), Supporting smoking cessation: A guide for health professionals. 2014. Available at: https://extranet.who.int/ncdccs/Data/AUS_D1bib_Supporting%20smoking%20cessation.pdf
[6] McNeill, A., et al., E-cigarettes: an evidence update. Public Health England, 2015. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ecigarettes-an-evidence-update (Accessed: 8 August 2024)
[7] Visser, W., et al., The health risks of using e-cigarettes. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (The Netherlands), 2015. Available at: https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2015-0144.pdf
[8] Glasser, A.M., et al., Overview of electronic nicotine delivery systems: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med, 2017. 52(2): p. e33-e66. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.036
[9] Royal College of Physicians, Nicotine without smoke: tobacco harm reduction. RCP, 2016. Available at: https://www.rcp.ac.uk/media/xcfal4ed/nicotine-without-smoke_0.pdf
[10] Committee on Toxicity, Toxicological evaluation of novel heat-not-burn tobacco products – non-technical summary. 2017. Available at: https://cot.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/heat_not_burn_tobacco_summary.pdf
[11] Chen, J., et al., A comparative health risk assessment of electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2017. 14(4): 382. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040382
[12] Public Health England, Evidence review of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products 2018: executive summary. 2018. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/e-cigarettes-and-heated-tobacco-products-evidence-review/evidence-review-of-e-cigarettesand-heated-tobacco-products-2018-executive-summary (Accessed: 18 July 2024)
[13] Eaton, D.L., et al., Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. National Academies Press, 2018. DOI: 10.17226/24952
[14] Mallock, N., et al., Levels of selected analytes in the emissions of “heat not burn” tobacco products that are relevant to assess human health risks. Arch Toxicol, 2018. 92(6): p. 2145-2149. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2215-y
[15] Caponnetto, P., et al., Carbon monoxide levels after inhalation from new generation heated tobacco products. Respir Res, 2018. 19:164. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0867-z
[16] Simonavicius, E., et al., Heat-not-burn tobacco products: a systematic literature review. Tob Control, 2019. 28(5): p. 582-594. DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054419
[17] Académie Nationale de Médecine, L' Académie nationale de médecine rappelle les avantages prouvés et les Inconvénients Indûment allégués de la cigarette électronique (vaporette). Communique de Presse, 2019. Available at: https://www.academie-medecine.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Cigarette-e%CC%81lectronique-10-12-19.pdf
[18] U.S. Food & Drug Administration, FDA permits sale of IQOS Tobacco Heating System through premarket tobacco product application pathway. 2019. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-permits-sale-iqos-tobacco-heating-system-throughpremarket-tobacco-product-application-pathway (Accessed: 18 July 2024)
[19] Public Health England, Vaping in England: 2020 evidence update summary. 2020. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/vaping-in-england-evidence-update-march-2020/vaping-in-england-2020-evidence-update-summary (Accessed: 18 July 2024)
[20] Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT), Statement on the potential toxicological risks from electronic nicotine (and non-nicotine) delivery systems (E(N)NDS – e-cigarettes). 2020. Available at: https://cot.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2020-09/COT%20E%28N%29NDS%20statement%202020-04.pdf
[21] Federal Public Service Health and Food Chain Safety and Environment, New Tobacco Products: Heated Tobacco Products. Belgium Superior Health Council, 2020. Available at: https://www.health.belgium.be/sites/default/files/uploads/fields/fpshealth_theme_file/201026_shc-9538_new_tobacco_products_vweb.pdf
[22] Slob W., et al., A Method for Comparing the Impact on Carcinogenicity of Tobacco Products: A Case Study on Heated Tobacco Versus Cigarettes. Risk Anal, 2020. 40(7): p. 1355-1366. DOI: 10.1111/risa.13482
[23] U.S. Food & Drug Administration, FDA Authorizes Marketing of IQOS Tobacco Heating System with ‘Reduced Exposure’ Information. 2020. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-marketing-iqos-tobacco-heating-system-reducedexposure-information (Accessed: 18 July 2024)
[24] Government of Canada, Regulatory Impact Analysis Statement. 2021. Available at: https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2021/2021-06-19/html/reg2-eng.html (Accessed: 18 July 2024)
[25] German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BFR), Frequently asked questions about e-cigarettes. 2020. Available at: https://www.bfr.bund.de/en/frequently_asked_questions_about_e_cigarettes-130598.html (Accessed: 19 July 2024)
[26] Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), Electronic Cigarettes Fact Sheet. 2021. Available at: https://ash.org.uk/resources/view/electronic-cigarettes (Accessed: 5 August 2024)
[27] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence (NG209). 2021. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng209/resources/tobacco-preventing-uptake-promoting-quitting-and-treatingdependencepdf-66143723132869 (Accessed: 23 July 2024)
[28] Marques, P., et al., An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health. Respir Res, 2021. 22(1):151. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5
[29] Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), Nicotineproducten zonder tabak voor recreatief gebruik. 2021. Available at: https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2020-0152.pdf
[30] U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA Permits Marketing of E-Cigarette Products, Marking First Authorization of Its Kind by the Agency. 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-permits-marketing-e-cigarette-products-marking-firstauthorization-its-kind-agency (Accessed: 18 July 2024)
[31] Benowitz, N.L., et al., Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Implications for Benefits and Risks in the Promotion of the Combusted Tobacco Endgame. J Clin Pharmacol, 2021. 61: p. S18-S36. DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1915
[32] Balfour, D.J., et al., Balancing consideration of the risks and benefits of e-cigarettes. Am J Public Health, 2021. 111(9): p. 1661-1672. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306416
[33] Snowdon, C., et al., Vaping Works. International Best Practises: United Kingdom, France, Canada and New Zealand. Property Rights Alliance, 2021. Available at: https://www.propertyrightsalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/PRA_VapingWorks.pdf
[34] Hidayat, S. and Alayyannur, P.A., The content of harmful and potentially harmful constituents in heated tobacco product: Systematic review. J Drug Deliv Ther, 2021. 11(3-S): p. 111-120. DOI: 10.22270/jddt.v11i3-S.4830
[35] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Centre for Effective Practice (CEP), 7 tips to lower your risk when using nicotine. Available at: https://intrepidlab.ca/en/Documents/Quick%20Tips.pdf
[36] Office for Health Improvement & Disparities, Nicotine vaping in England: 2022 evidence update summary. Gov. UK, 2022. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nicotine-vaping-in-england-2022-evidence-update/nicotine-vaping-in-england-2022-evidence-updatesummary (Accessed: 18 July 2024)
[37] Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR). Health Risk Assessment of Nicotine Pouches: Updated BfR Opinion No. 023/2022. 2022. DOI: 10.17590/20220204-105615
[38] U.S Food & Drug Administration, FDA Issues Marketing Decisions on Vuse Vibe and Vuse Ciro E-Cigarette Products. 2022. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/ctp-newsroom/fda-issues-marketing-decisions-vuse-vibe-and-vuse-ciro-e-cigarette-products (Accessed: 18 July 2024)
[39] Hu, H., et al., Heated tobacco products and circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Sci Rep, 2022. 12(1):17385. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22337-3
[40] Hartmann-Boyce, J., et al. Biomarkers of potential harm in people switching from smoking tobacco to exclusive e-cigarette use, dual use or abstinence: secondary analysis of Cochrane systematic review of trials of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Addiction, 2023. 118(3): p. 539-545. DOI: 10.1111/add.16063
[41] BAT Announcement, ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΗ ΑΠΟΦΑΣΗ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ glo™ neo classic tobacco. 2023. Available at: https://www.discoverglo.gr/blog/post/glo-neo-classic-tobacco (Accessed: 26 July 2024)
[42] PMI Science, Greek Ministry of Health approves differentiated health claims for heated tobacco products, including THS. 2023. Available at: https://www.pmiscience.com/en/smoke-free/tobacco-regulation/greece-approves-health-claims-heated-tobacco/ (Accessed: 24 July 2024)
[43] The Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, E-cigarettes and vaporisers. 2023. Available at: https://www.ranzcp.org/clinical-guidelines-publications/clinical-guidelines-publications-library/e-cigarettes-and-vaporisers (Accessed: 19 July 2024)
[44] U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Facts about E-Cigarettes. 2023. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/rumor-control/facts-about-ecigarettes (Accessed: 24 July 2024)
[45] Institut National Du Cancer, Cigarettes électroniques : ce qu’il faut savoir. 2023. Available at: https://www.e-cancer.fr/Comprendre-prevenir-depister/Reduire-les-risques-de-cancer/Tabac/La-cigarette-electronique (Accessed: 24 July 2024)
[46] Government of Canada, Vaping and quitting smoking. 2023. Available at: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/smoking-tobacco/vaping/quit-smoking.html (Accessed: 19 July 2024)
[47] U.K. National Health Service (NHS), Vaping to quit smoking. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/vaping-to-quit-smoking/ (Accessed: 19 July 2024)
[48] Royal College of Physicians, E-cigarettes and harm reduction: An evidence review. RCP, 2024. Available at: https://www.rcp.ac.uk/media/t5akldci/ecigarettes-and-harm-reduction_executive-summary_0_0.pdf
[49] Khouja, J.N., et al., Estimating the health impact of nicotine exposure by dissecting the effects of nicotine versus non-nicotine constituents of tobacco smoke: A multivariable Mendelian randomisation study. PLoS Genet, 2024. 20(2):e1011157. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011157
[50] U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Health Effects of Vaping. 2024. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/e-cigarettes/healtheffects.html (Accessed: 24 July 2024)
[51] Travis N., et al., The Potential Impact of Oral Nicotine Pouches on Public Health: A Scoping Review, Nicotine Tob Res, 2024. ntae131. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae131
[52] Auer, R., et al., Electronic Nicotine-Delivery Systems for Smoking Cessation. N Engl J Med, 2024. 390(7): p. 601-610. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2308815
[53] Vaping Facts, Our position on vaping. Ministry of Health New Zealand. Available at: https://vapingfacts.health.nz/our-position-on-vaping.html (Accessed: 19 July 2024)
[54] Beaglehole, R., and Bonita, R., Harnessing tobacco harm reduction. Lancet, 2024. 403(10426): p. 512-514. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00140-5
[55] Canadian Cancer Society, Tobacco Control. Available at: https://cancer.ca/en/get-involved/advocacy/what-we-are-doing/tobacco-control (Accessed: 19 July 2024)